The suitability of sham treatments for use as placebo controls in trials of spinal manipulative therapy: A pilot study

Lougee, H, Johnston, R G and Thomson, O P (2013) The suitability of sham treatments for use as placebo controls in trials of spinal manipulative therapy: A pilot study. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 17. pp. 59-68.

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Abstract

Despite the augmented use and dependence on manual therapy (MT), there are still calls from both within and outside the MT professions to provide robust evidence that spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) induces therapeutic effects beyond placebo. To facilitate this, placebo or 'sham' treatments, the development of which is notoriously difficult, must be used in rigorously controlled trials. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of different shams as controls in SMT trials.A repeated measures, single-blind, randomised trial was conducted on 10 asymptomatic subjects. Pain pressure thresholds (PPTs) were measured at 2 sites, local and systemic, before and after the application of either high-velocity low-amplitude thrust (HVLAT), sham functional technique (SFT), sham ultrasound (SUS) or no intervention control (NIC) to the cervico-thoracic (CT) junctional area. Treatment credibility was then assessed using a 4-point Likert Scale in response to 4 statements.Results demonstrated no significant change in PPT following any of the interventions, irrespective of site tested. The effect sizes for all interventions were considered small (d = <0.2). There were significant differences in Likert Scale responses for each statement (P < 0.001), with SUS eliciting significantly different responses as compared to SFT and NIC but not, predominantly, with HVLAT.SUS is implicated as being the most effective sham, having high fidelity to subjects' perceptions of a 'real' treatment, whilst being therapeutically inert i.e. results in no significant change in clinical status. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Adult,Algometry,Analysis of Variance,Anthropometry,Cervical Vertebrae,Confidence Intervals,Female,Humans,Likert scale,Male,Manipulation, Spinal,Manual therapy,Osteopathy,Pain Measurement,Pain Threshold,Pilot Projects,Placebo,Placebos,Prone Position,Refere
Depositing User:	Dr Hilary Abbey
Date Deposited:	21 Dec 2020 13:01
Last Modified:	26 Sep 2023 13:16
URI:	https://uco.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/id/eprint/75

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